Learn more about what could cause vaginal pain and how to treat it. Vaginismus is an often-painful involuntary contraction of vaginal muscles. What causes it and how can it be treated? During a pelvic laparoscopy, your doctor uses an instrument called a laparoscope to examine your reproductive organs. Pyosalpinx may be a complication of pelvic inflammatory disease or another infection. It may be treatable with antibiotics, or you may need surgery.
Health Conditions Discover Plan Connect. Medically reviewed by Deborah Weatherspoon, Ph. Risk factors for pelvic inflammatory disease. Symptoms of pelvic inflammatory disease. Tests for pelvic inflammatory disease. Treatment for pelvic inflammatory disease. Ways to prevent pelvic inflammatory disease. Long-term complications of pelvic inflammatory disease. Long-term outlook for pelvic inflammatory disease.
Read this next. Medically reviewed by Michael Weber, MD. Neisseria gonorrhoeae Gonorrhea Gonorrhea is caused by the bacteria Neisseria gonorrhoeae. It typically infects epithelia of the urethra, cervix, rectum, pharynx, or conjunctivae, causing irritation or pain and purulent discharge Mycoplasma genitalium , which is also sexually transmitted, can also cause or contribute to PID.
Incidence of sexually transmitted PID is decreasing; PID usually also involves other aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, including pathogens that are associated with bacterial vaginosis Bacterial Vaginosis BV Bacterial vaginosis is vaginitis due to a complex alteration of vaginal flora in which lactobacilli decrease and anaerobic pathogens overgrow.
Symptoms include a gray, thin, fishy-smelling vaginal Vaginal microorganisms such as Haemophilus influenzae , Streptococcus agalactiae , and enteric gram-negative bacilli can be involved in PID, as can Ureaplasma sp. Vaginal inflammation and bacterial vaginosis help in the upward spread of vaginal microorganisms.
Pelvic inflammatory disease commonly occurs in women It is rare before menarche, after menopause, and during pregnancy. Pelvic inflammatory disease commonly causes lower abdominal pain, fever, cervical discharge, and abnormal uterine bleeding, particularly during or after menses.
In cervicitis Symptoms and Signs Cervicitis is infectious or noninfectious inflammation of the cervix. Mucopurulent discharge is common; usually, it is yellow-green and can be seen exuding from the endocervical canal. Lower abdominal pain is usually present and bilateral but may be unilateral, even when both tubes are involved.
Pain can also occur in the upper abdomen. Nausea and vomiting are common when pain is severe. Irregular bleeding caused by endometritis and fever each occur in up to one third of patients. In the early stages, signs may be mild or absent. Later, cervical motion tenderness, guarding, and rebound tenderness are common. Many women with inflammation that is severe enough to cause scarring have minimal or no symptoms.
PID due to N. PID due to M. The Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome perihepatitis that causes upper right quadrant pain may result from acute gonococcal or chlamydial salpingitis. Infection may become chronic, characterized by intermittent exacerbations and remissions. It can accompany acute or chronic infection and is more likely if treatment is late or incomplete. Pain, fever, and peritoneal signs are usually present and may be severe. An adnexal mass may be palpable, although extreme tenderness may limit the examination.
The abscess may rupture, causing progressively severe symptoms and possibly septic shock. Salpingitis may cause tubal scarring and adhesions, which commonly result in chronic pelvic pain, infertility, and increased risk of ectopic pregnancy. Chlamydia: A sexually transmitted infection caused by bacteria. This infection can lead to pelvic inflammatory disease and infertility.
Chronic Pelvic Pain: Pain in the pelvic region that lasts for more than 6 months. Ectopic Pregnancy: A pregnancy in a place other than the uterus, usually in one of the fallopian tubes. Egg: The female reproductive cell made in and released from the ovaries.
Also called the ovum. Endometrial Biopsy: A procedure in which a small amount of the tissue lining the uterus is removed and examined under a microscope. Fallopian Tubes: Tubes through which an egg travels from the ovary to the uterus. Gonorrhea: A sexually transmitted infection that can lead to pelvic inflammatory disease, infertility, and arthritis.
Infertility: The inability to get pregnant after 1 year of having regular sexual intercourse without the use of birth control. Intravenous IV Line: A tube inserted into a vein and used to deliver medication or fluids. Laparoscopy: A surgical procedure in which a thin, lighted telescope called a laparoscope is inserted through a small incision cut in the abdomen. The laparoscope is used to view the pelvic organs. Other instruments can be used with it to perform surgery. Ovaries: Organs in women that contain the eggs necessary to get pregnant and make important hormones, such as estrogen, progesterone, and testosterone.
Sexual Intercourse: The act of the penis of the male entering the vagina of the female. Ultrasonography: A test in which sound waves are used to examine inner parts of the body. During pregnancy, ultrasonography can be used to check the fetus.
Uterus: A muscular organ in the female pelvis. During pregnancy, this organ holds and nourishes the fetus. Vagina: A tube-like structure surrounded by muscles. The vagina leads from the uterus to the outside of the body. Copyright by the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. All rights reserved. Read copyright and permissions information. This information is designed as an educational aid for the public.
If you have signs and symptoms of PID that aren't severe, still see your doctor as soon as possible. Vaginal discharge with an odor, painful urination or bleeding between menstrual cycles can also be symptoms of a sexually transmitted infection STI.
If these signs and symptoms occur, stop having sex and see your doctor soon. Many types of bacteria can cause PID , but gonorrhea or chlamydia infections are the most common. These bacteria are usually acquired during unprotected sex. Less commonly, bacteria can enter your reproductive tract anytime the normal barrier created by the cervix is disturbed. This can happen during menstruation and after childbirth, miscarriage or abortion.
Rarely, bacteria can also enter the reproductive tract during the insertion of an intrauterine device IUD — a form of long-term birth control — or any medical procedure that involves inserting instruments into the uterus.
This risk is generally confined to the first three weeks after insertion. Untreated pelvic inflammatory disease might cause scar tissue and pockets of infected fluid abscesses to develop in the reproductive tract. These can cause permanent damage to the reproductive organs.
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